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Multimodal Lifespan Brain Charts

Brain charts describe how brain phenotypes vary with age, providing reference trajectories and centiles for studying development and aging. Percentiles describe the reference distribution, not confidence intervals.

Here, we bring together complementary views of brain function, structure and perfusion across resting-state fMRI, structural MRI and arterial spin labeling, with further modalities to follow.

Local regionsSystemsWhole brain

Our goal is a reproducible path from standardized local processing and quality control to multiscale brain charts and individual deviation estimates. Explore the FC, MIND and Local Anatomical Features reference charts, and see Prepare My Data for data preparation.

Individual deviation

Sign in with a verified account, follow the page’s Input guide and CSV template, then validate and estimate. Download centile and Z scores, review warnings, and show site-adjusted participants on the reference curve. On regional and within-system pages, select a participant to view a blue–red brain map of their Z scores and explore linked regional curves. Reopen saved calculations through My CSV submissions → Open results without estimating again. See the step-by-step guide.

Related publications

Sun et al. (2025) Nature NeuroscienceLiang et al. (2025) Neuron
Brain visualization sources & methods

Brain views show reference anatomy for selecting phenotypes, not individual measurements. Left/right labels refer to anatomical hemispheres; visualization geometry is not used to calculate model predictions.

  • Modality banners. Structural MRI shows sagittal, coronal and axial slices of the public FreeSurfer fsaverage reference. The resting-state fMRI and ASL banners link this reference anatomy to illustrative BOLD and control/label/difference signals. Colored marks and signals are schematic, not measured activation, perfusion or subject data.
  • Global anatomy. FreeSurfer fsaverage MRI and surfaces, rendered with NiiVue. Surfaces are smoothed illustrations. The eTIV overlay highlights available reference brain tissue, not an intracranial-cavity segmentation.
  • Cortical atlases. Local anatomical DK68 and FC System use ggseg/ggsegYeo2011 vertex labels on the ggseg3d fsaverage5 reference surface, with the same switchable 2D/3D viewer as MIND Region. FC Region uses neutral fsaverage4 reference surfaces; Desikan–Killiany lobar labels appear in the metric selector for anatomical orientation. Its 2D and 3D views share the same vertex mapping. MIND System retains its ggseg3d reference. MIND Region uses the supplied DK68, DK219, DK318, HCP-MMP1.0 (360) and Schaefer200 fsaverage annotations on the same ggseg3d fsaverage5 inflated surface. Its switchable 2D and 3D views share identical vertex labels.
  • Subcortical atlas. The bilateral, 14-region aseg_subcortex atlas comes from Annie G. Bryant’s subcortex_visualization. Three.js renders surfaces reconstructed from its reference volume; the 2D views retain the original medial/lateral SVG projections, not MRI cross-sections.
MIND regional reference models

Five atlases are available for All, Chinese and Western-centric reference populations. Ages are in years. Reference curves retain the existing DK318 prediction method and 401-point, 0–80-year grid; agreement with the original training basis still needs validation before publication. Individual deviation estimation uses the available prediction metadata and page-specific eligibility checks described in the Input guide.

Arterial spin labeling

Coming soon
Local perfusion features
Regional
Cerebral blood flow
Diffusion MRI schematic illustration

Diffusion MRI

Coming soon

Local

White-matter microstructure

Network

Structural connectome
MEG schematic illustration

MEG

Coming soon

Local

Band-limited activity

Network

Frequency networks
EEG schematic illustration

EEG

Coming soon

Local

Spectral features

Network

Functional networks